50 Linux Commands Every Developer Should know

ls – list the files and directories in the current directory
```
ls
```
cd – change the current directory
```
cd dir_name
```
mkdir – create a new directory
```
mkdir rohan
```
rmdir – remove a directory
```
rmdir rohan
```
pwd – print the current working directory
```
pwd
```

cp – copy files or directories

#We will copy a file called example.txt from the current directory to a directory called backup
cp example.txt backup/

mv – move or rename files or directories
```
mv example.txt backup/
```
rm – remove files or directories
```
rm example.txt
```
touch – create a new empty file or update the timestamp of an existing file
```
touch shayan.txt
```
cat – concatenate and display files
```
cat example.txt
```
man – manual for a command
```
man ls
```
htop – an interactive process viewer and system monitor
```
htop
```

chmod – change the permissions of a file or directory

# The first digit represents the owner of the file/directory
# The second digit represents the group that the file/directory belongs to
# The third digit represents all other users
# 0 (no permission)
# 1 (execute only)
# 2 (write only)
# 3 (write and execute)
# 4 (read only)
# 5 (read and execute)
# 6 (read and write)
# 7 (read, write, and execute)

chmod 700 file.txt

chown – change the owner of a file or directory
```
chown new_owner example.txt
```

tar – create or extract compressed archive files

# x: extract files from an archive
# t: list the contents of an archive
# r: append files to an existing archive
# z: use gzip compression
# j: use bzip2 compression
# cf: create file
#xf: extract file
tar cf archive.tar file1 file2 file3

gzip – compress files
```
gzip file.txt
```
gunzip – decompress compressed files
```
gunzip file.txt.gz
```
ssh – connect to a remote server securely
```
ssh username@server_address
```

scp – securely copy files between systems

scp myfile.txt user@remotehost:/home/user/

ping – test network connectivity
```
ping 8.8.8.8
```
ifconfig – display or configure network interfaces
```
ifconfig
```
netstat – display network connection information
```
netstat
```
route – view or configure network routing tables
```
route [options] [add/delete/show]
```
top – display system resource usage and processes
```
top
```
ps – display information about running processes
```
ps aux
```
kill – terminate a process
```
kill [PID]
```

systemctl – control system services and settings

# Start the nginx service
systemctl start nginx

# Check the status of the nginx service
systemctl status nginx

# Stop the nginx service
systemctl stop nginx

service – control system services
```
service apache2 start
```
useradd – add a new user to the system
```
useradd harry
```
passwd – change the password for a user
```
passwd harry
```
userdel – delete a user from the system
```
userdel harry
```
su – switch user to become another user
```
su john
```
sudo – execute a command as another user or with elevated privileges
```
sudo
```
uptime – display system uptime and load average
```
uptime
```
df – display disk space usage
```
df
```
du – display disk usage by file or directory
```
du
```
mount – mount a file system
```
sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/usb
```
umount – unmount a file system
```
sudo umount /mnt/usb
```
date – display or set the system date and time
```
date
```
whoami – display the current user name
```
whoami
```
which – locate a program or command in the system path
```
ls
```
finger – displays all the information about user
```
finger harry
```
uname – display system information
```
uname
uname -a
```
history – display a list of previously executed commands
```
history
```
echo – display text or variables to the console
```
echo 'I need Tshirt from codeswear!'
```
tee – redirect output to both a file and the console
```
$ ls | tee file.txt
```
locate – locate any file on the system
```
locate file.txt
```

sort – sort lines of text in a file or input

cat file.txt
banana
orange
apple
sort file.txt
apple
banana
orange

uniq – remove duplicate lines from a file or input

cat file.txt
apple
orange
banana
apple
banana
uniq file.txt
apple
orange
banana

head/tail – display the first/last few lines of a file or input

#display first 10 lines
head file.txt

#display last 10 lines
tail file.txt

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50 Linux Commands Every Developer Should know

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